![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Yellowstone National Park has a mountainside containing obsidian located between Mammoth Hot Springs and the Norris Geyser Basin, and deposits can be found in many other western U.S. Obsidian flows which may be hiked on are found within the calderas of Newberry Volcano and Medicine Lake Volcano in the Cascade Range of western North America, and at Inyo Craters east of the Sierra Nevada in California. It can be found in Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Australia, Canada, Chile, Georgia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Scotland, The Canary Islands, Turkey and the United States. Obsidian is found near volcanoes in locations which have undergone rhyolitic eruptions. Glass Mountain, a large obsidian flow at Medicine Lake Volcano in California Colorful, striped obsidian ( rainbow obsidian) from Mexico contains oriented nanorods of hedenbergite, which cause the rainbow striping effects by thin-film interference. An iridescent, rainbow-like sheen ( fire obsidian) is caused by inclusions of magnetite nanoparticles creating thin-film interference. These bubbles can produce interesting effects such as a golden sheen ( sheen obsidian). Obsidian may contain patterns of gas bubbles remaining from the lava flow, aligned along layers created as the molten rock was flowing before being cooled. In some stones, the inclusion of small, white, radially clustered crystals ( spherulites) of the mineral cristobalite in the black glass produce a blotchy or snowflake pattern ( snowflake obsidian). Very few samples of obsidian are nearly colorless. Most black obsidians contain nanoinclusions of magnetite, an iron oxide. Iron and other transition elements may give the obsidian a dark brown to black color. Pure obsidian is usually dark in appearance, though the color varies depending on the impurities present. Although newly formed obsidian has a low water content, typically less than 1% water by weight, it becomes progressively hydrated when exposed to groundwater, forming perlite. This transformation of obsidian is accelerated by the presence of water. Exceptionally old obsidians include a Cretaceous welded tuff and a partially devitrified Ordovician perlite. Because obsidian is metastable at the Earth's surface (over time the glass devitrifies, becoming fine-grained mineral crystals), obsidian older than Miocene in age is rare. Crystalline rocks with a similar composition include granite and rhyolite. Obsidian consists mainly of SiO 2 ( silicon dioxide), usually 70% by weight or more. Though obsidian is usually dark in color, similar to mafic rocks such as basalt, the composition of obsidian is extremely felsic. It is sometimes classified as a mineraloid. Obsidian is mineral-like, but not a true mineral because, as a glass, it is not crystalline in addition, its composition is too variable to be classified as a mineral. Tektites were once thought by many to be obsidian produced by lunar volcanic eruptions, though few scientists now adhere to this hypothesis. Intrusive formation of obsidian may occur when felsic lava cools along the edges of a dike. Extrusive formation of obsidian may occur when felsic lava cools rapidly at the edges of a felsic lava flow or volcanic dome, or when lava cools during sudden contact with water or air. Obsidian is formed from quickly cooled lava, which is the parent material. ![]() The Natural History by the Roman writer Pliny the Elder includes a few sentences about a volcanic glass called obsidian ( lapis obsidianus), discovered in Ethiopia by Obsidius, a Roman explorer. Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 36,67 (AD 77) In the past, it was used to manufacture cutting and piercing tools, and it has been used experimentally as surgical scalpel blades. Obsidian is hard, brittle, and amorphous it therefore fractures with sharp edges. Together with rapid cooling, this results in a natural glass forming from the lava. The high viscosity inhibits diffusion of atoms through the lava, which inhibits the first step ( nucleation) in the formation of mineral crystals. These flows have a high content of silica, granting them a high viscosity. It is commonly found within the margins of rhyolitic lava flows known as obsidian flows. Obsidian is produced from felsic lava, rich in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. ən, ɒ b-/) is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. Usually black sometimes green or brown rarely yellow, orange, red or blue Naturally occurring volcanic glass Obsidian ![]()
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![]() ![]() At least make it a selectable option in settings? I get the intent but it doesn’t need to be THAT easy to add a waypoint. PLEASE, get rid of the waypoint with one click. good lord that’s unnecessarily complicated. ![]() It also really bugs me that you can’t just select waypoints already on the map… you have to click near it and it drops a giant new waypoint, and then it brings up nearby points and you can select your pre-saved waypoint below. There needs to be better graphics in general and more customization options for waypoints when you click on them. If I didn’t already pay for this one I’d switch, but since I have it, I’d like to help make it better. Almost like comparing DOS to modern day Windows. They have an amazing app.įirstly GaiaGPS is useful and it’s convenient for what I need but seems so far behind alternatives like OnX when it comes to a clean and intuitive user interface. Don’t worry you get your money’s worth with GaiaGPS. The subscription is worth every penny as well. This is the only app that I would recommend especially because I have tried about 20 other ones over the years and this is the one I stick with. I turn off my cellular data and all that and use it to track and it goes all day with out killing my battery and I have a 3 year old I phone. the tracking ability is very accurate and doesn’t drain my battery. I use it for hunting, fishing, camping, hiking, snowmobiling, horse pack trips around the farm. And I use this all the time not just once a year while hunting. Don’t waste your time or money with one of the other apps. My entire family and extended family got GaiaGPS too and they love it as well. You get the personal property lines and public with GaiaGPS, lots of layers that you can overlay and download. I would not go with any other app out there I have tried other ones like x hunt and I did not like it. I got GaiaGPS about 10 years ago and I have loved it the upgrades have continued to improve it very well. Don’t think twice: buy the pro version and use it, use it, use it. I have many other examples of how I use GaiaGPS but will save them for future reviews. I found that their website allowed me to download a data file of the zones and to my delight I discovered the Gaia app easily imported them along with included metadata. The National Park Service has a wonderful paper map that shows these zones. For instance, I’m planning a backpacking trip to Denali where backcountry camping is regulated by zones and quotas. ![]() Even though I’ve gotten quite good at using GaiaGPS, I’m continually finding new and amazing things it can do. It is by far the most important tool in my hiking toolbox. For planning I use GaiaGPS literally hours each day: route creating, adjusting, recreating adding waypoints for important, interesting things to note while hiking relying on the included interactive trail lines and the various map layers to design accurate, safe trips. It gives me the peace of mind to tackle trips I would otherwise not feel comfortable attempting. I use the Gaia iPhone app almost exclusively to plan my adventures, and I rely on it constantly while hiking to stay oriented and on plan. ![]() ![]() ![]() Get yourself an excellent turbo on jump landings and wheelies plus it may even be worth doing tricks on the big jumps just to give you that extra boost. ![]() On this second and last lap, you need to race perfectly to ensure you can get back into 1st position before the race ends. Try your best to ensure you've begun accelerating towards the line but also giving the last AI opponent enough of a chance to overtake you and get into 5th before the final lap starts. Be sure to be in first on the first lap but prepare to get overtaken near the end of the lap so that when you begin the 2nd lap you are last in 6th place. So pick that track and have the settings on God Mode with Motocross vehicles with 5 opponents on 2 laps. A longer track in the game such as Worksite Incursion will help as you've got more time to race and get to the front of the pack. You need to go from last place to first place in just one lap and if you're unlucky with the 1st place AI racer gaining a large distance over 5th place you'll have even less time to catch up. The other God mode achievement is tougher and you're likely to need a few goes at it before you're successful. Speaking of which the latter achievement I unlocked during my 10 lap race so I'll put it down here now but it'll come soon if you haven't unlocked it yet.įinish a race 10s ahead of your nearest rival (single race - 'God' difficulty) Remember that you're working on grinding out wheelies, air time and 200 successful turbo boosts too so doing a long race isn't a waste of time. This was far beyond what was needed but I prefer to play it safe. At the end of my 10 lap race I finished in just over 14 minutes getting myself 32 seconds ahead of second place. Remember to do wheelies for boost as much as you can as well as always getting a turbo every time you land a jump. We need to gain a lead of at least 10 seconds ahead of the AI which is why we have set the race to 10 laps to give ourselves as much time as possible to create that lead. Just have 1 AI set to God Mode difficulty riding an ATV with 10 laps on the Worksite Incursion level (or whichever one you feel most comfortable with). Let's start with the easier of the two achievements, the one for building up a lead over your opponent. Yes, it means you need to be more careful with the timing of the button but with practice, you should be fine with it. If you haven't done so yet then it's worth ensuring that you move the cursor all the way to the right after picking your racer for the turbo settings to give yourself as much of a boost as possible. ![]() We need to have the AI set to God Mode now which means you'll need to have learned the track well and be getting good at utilizing the turbo as much as possible. Time to work on a few of the harder achievements in the game. Lap an opponent in a race with 5 or fewer laps Also to save yourself getting bored you can always race on a little bit and knock a few down, helps towards the hour air time grind of an achievement too! Remember you can always go to the Profile option on the main menu to look at your statistics to see how many opponents you still need to knock down to reach the 100. In the video, you'll see my rider start leaning to the left (as I hit ) to swerve and although I don't physically touch the rider in Yellow it did knock them off and gave me the achievement. It took me quite a few tries to get it to work as you need to get a bit fortune with how the pack takes off but it's much easier than the alternative of having to try and properly lap someone.īelow is a game clip I created of me doing the exploit. You're supposed to lap an opponent however the achievement can be unlocked by knocking an opponent off their vehicle before you and themselves have crossed the starting line at the beginning of the race. To make the grind not as boring we'll combine it with another achievement that has a real neat exploit in it. If you've managed to do a few already from normal play then that's great however it's just as easy to keep pressing the try again option in a race to go back to the start point where everyone just waiting to be knocked down. One of the achievements you need to grind in the game is for knocking 100 people off their bike with the button. Now go to Quick game and Single player and select the High Frequencies track with 9 other AI opponents on Motocross bikes at Beginner difficulty. ![]() ![]() ![]() Many top lists are given to users too for exploring fresh prevalent content with ease, e.g. The high value of Alexa rank is the best evidence of 1337’s success.ġ337x has a stylized yet clear web design in red and black, listing nine big categories on the homepage, specifically popular Movies, TV shows (e.g hot HBO’s Succession torrent), Games, Music, Application, Anime, Documentaries, Others, and (18+) XXX. 1337x has been there for about 15 years but gained its popularity right after the shutdown of another known site KickassTorrents in 2016. In addition, each movie download page will show your real IP address, locations, browser, and computer information, if you are not equipped your device with the protection of a torrent VPN, that would put your actions into risk because your ISP and government will know exactly about what you browse and download.ġ337x is another top-ranked torrent website and it now has many official alternative domains like 1337x.st,, , x1337x.is,, and 1337x.gd since 2017. It’s too easy for users to click and pop up external advertising or even porn sites. YTS.MX seems to be an ordinary free torrent site with many ads. Navigate to the right bottom to change the Language to Arabic, Greek, Chinese, Spanish, Dutch, and alike. Multiple languages are provided to worldwide users. Note that other sites are all fake clones according to its official announcement. Since many nations block YTS.MX, many mirror/alternative sites are given for normal access and file download, like: yts.lt, yts.am, and yts.ag. Many users complain about its bad quality and you are suggested to try different resolutions and formats for the very first download to see if it meets your quality requirement. ![]() Since WebM is smaller than MP4/MKV/AVI in size, if you are looking movie videos in “HD (yet) smallest size” as the slogan says, please choose WebM to download. No matter you’d like to find some HD-quality films, or 4K UHD & 3D titles, YTS tries to collect and display them here with film rating scores from IMDb/RottenTomatoes, detailed user reviews, and multiple quality choices, such as 720p/1080p BluRay and 720p/1080p/2016p WebM. The current YTS.MX is actually not the official site of famous YTS or say YIFY brand but still a good alternative after YTS/YIFY’s permanent closure in October 2015 due to a lawsuit case from MPAA.Īs the successor of YTS/YIFY, YTS.MX keeps its focus on the movie torrent as always. Since Alexa service was closed by Amazon in May 2022, you can just take the following Alexa ranks for reference. To deliver all of you more best options of active and popular P2P sites, we’ve tested and picked 18 sites to meet any possible torrent download needs. Torrentz2 Frequently Asked Questions on Top Torrent Sites TOP Torrent Sites in 2022 Besides, please prepare a VPN in advance if you secure your online privacy & security and don’t want to be tracked during torrenting. Hope you can find what you want through these sites. So in order to help those refresh the top torrent sites list in 2022 or help beginners to dig active torrent files, this post is worked out with up to 18 top-ranked site names. Consequently, the companies, ISPs, and governments usually put pressure on pirated content delivering sites and finally force the webmasters to shut the sites down. Many film distribution companies claim that their box-office revenues are hurt greatly by the increasing pirated copies online. Most importantly, it won’t cost a penny.īut torrent is always a highly controversial item and under heavy internet censorship, not for the use of peer-to-peer/P2P technology, but for the endless pirated content being uploaded here without control, which has a very negative impact on related industries, especially the movie industry. You can easily find the most recent and popular movies like Hollywood/ Bollywood Hindi films, TV shows, music, anime pieces, as well as other types of things like applications, games, porn, e-books, and so on, thus leveraging a torrent download client (e.g BitTorrent) to move what you preferred online to your local hard drive becomes quite easily. ![]() Torrent sites are literally perfect resource gathering places for people to explore free files to download. Note that we don’t advocate any copyright infringement behavior and instead, we hope everyone could respect copyright and only use BitTorrent legally. Here we’ve rounded 18 top torrent sites up that are still working in 2022. Torrent sites are heaven for free resources but often shut down under the pressure of authorities or copyright content owners. ![]() |
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